Optimize your EV
AS THE SUB-ZERO RACE TAKES PLACE MID WINTER, YOUR TEAM FACES UNIQUE CHALLENGES DUE TO COLDER TEMPERATURES AND ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS. HOWEVER, WITH THE RIGHT STRATEGIES & TRICKS, DRIVING AN EV IN WINTER CAN BE EFFICIENT AND GET YOU A RECORD.
Cold weather affects the range and performance of your EV because ions flow slower through the battery cells. Although EVs are still much more efficient than internal combustion engines, cold weather requires more energy to power the drive and heat the interior. You can read more about EV batteries here.
It is claimed that electric vehicles have between 10% and 20% less range in extreme temperatures (lower or higher than 4°C or 46°C). If the temperature dives far below sub-zero, performance loss can increase even further. Depending on EV model and weather severeness, range loss can dropp even with 40 %.
But you can maximize the overall performance of your EV. Ultimately, it all comes down to one thing: the battery. Battery performance is the biggest obstacle for EVs to perform optimally in winter. EV batteries operate less efficiently in cold temperatures. In a field study conducted by Bjørn Nyland, the Volvo XC40 78 kWh AWD significantly reduced its range and even performed 23% worse in lower temperatures. The car was tested at a constant speed of 90 km/h both in summer and winter in Norway. Summer 20°C, winter 6°C (not even that cold). Imagine the impact on your range if the temperature drops to minus 20°C. Of course, this will vary depending on the EV you're driving and the exact weather conditions.
Lower temperatures also slow down your EV's ability to fully charge. So, the charging time of your electric car will increase in the cold. Research has shown that while a fast charger charges your EV 80% in 30 minutes, in extreme temperatures - minus 15°C or lower - the fast charger charges 30% less in the same time.
During the Sub-Zero Race, temperatures can be measured below -20°C. With strong winds, the chill factor adds to this, making it overall not the ideal environment for an electric car. How will you ensure you get the most out of your battery pack? So let's explore some tricks and tips to help you navigate the Sub-Zero Race with more ease and confidence;
heating
A typical no-brainer, the heating of your EV. Because the temperature in your electric car is entirely dependent on battery power, using your heater while driving can reduce your range. If your range is at risk while on the road, minimize the use of electronics and heating. Limit heating to only the driver's side, or use only seat heating, which consumes less power than heating the entire car. In short, heat the passenger, not the car. An extra thermal layer and gloves may not necessarily make it more comfortable but will save your battery. Also, don't forget to lower the settings on your rear window defroster and radio.
precondition your battery
One of the key considerations for winter driving in an EV is battery performance. Cold weather can affect battery efficiency and range. To mitigate this, take advantage of your EV's pre-conditioning feature. Preconditioning allows you to warm up the battery and cabin while the vehicle is still plugged in, maximizing range and comfort before you hit the road. Preheating your battery is smart to do for several reasons. Firstly, a warm battery (from 20°C-25°C) operates more efficiently, meaning you increase your range if your battery is already heated at the start and makes your charging sessions faster.
optimize heating settings
Heating can significantly impact an EV's range in winter. To conserve energy, try setting the cabin temperature to a moderate level and using heated seats or steering wheel when possible. Additionally, consider using the "Eco" or "Low" heating mode to reduce energy consumption while maintaining comfort.
route tactics
For winning the Sub-Zero Race in your category, the smartest route and charging tactics are key. But still - in contrary your app tells you - charging stations will be on arrival not in operation or occupied. Something to take into account. Also do not underestimate the factor weather. Some more off beat tracks and congestions such as mountain passes and tunnels more north can be blocked by the road autorities due to heavy snow and ice conditions. Check out Statens Vegvese to monitor closed roads and mountain passes for Norway and the website Trafik Verket for Sweden.
monitor your tires
Cold temperatures can cause tire pressure to drop, affecting traction and efficiency. Regularly check your tire pressure and ensure they are properly inflated according to manufacturer recommendations. In addition, proper tire maintenance can improve handling, range, and overall safety in winter driving conditions.
regenerative braking techniques
Take advantage of regenerative braking to maximize efficiency and range in winter. Regenerative braking allows the vehicle to recover kinetic energy during deceleration, which is then used to recharge the battery. Practice smooth and anticipatory driving techniques to optimize regenerative braking and extend your EV's range.